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MySQL初级入门篇之视图的相关概念及应用实例_Mysql_

2023-05-26 401人已围观

简介 MySQL初级入门篇之视图的相关概念及应用实例_Mysql_

1.浅谈数据库对象

2.什么是视图？

视图一方面可以帮我们使用表的一部分而不是所有的表，另一方面也可以针对不同的用户制定不同的查询视图。比如，针对一个公司的销售人员，我们只想给他看部分数据，而某些特殊的数据，比如采购的价格，则不会提供给他。再比如，人员薪酬是个敏感的字段，那么只给某个级别以上的人员开放，其他人的查询视图中则不提供这个字段。
视图是一种虚拟表，本身是不具有数据的，占用很少的内存空间，它是 SQL 中的一个重要概念。
视图建立在已有表的基础上, 视图赖以建立的这些表称为基表。
视图的创建和删除只影响视图本身，不影响对应的基表。但是当对视图中的数据进行增加、删除和修改操作时，数据表中的数据会相应地发生变化，反之亦然。
视图，是向用户提供基表数据的另一种表现形式。通常情况下，小型项目的数据库可以不使用视图，但是在大型项目中，以及数据表比较复杂的情况下，视图的价值就凸显出来了，它可以帮助我们把经常查询的结果集放到虚拟表中，提升使用效率。理解和使用起来都非常方便。

3.视图操作相关SQL

创建视图

CREATE [OR REPLACE] [ALGORITHM = {UNDEFINED | MERGE | TEMPTABLE}] VIEW 视图名称 [(字段列表)]
AS
查询语句 [WITH [CASCADED|LOCAL] CHECK OPTION]

查看数据库中的表对象、视图对象

SHOW TABLES;

查看视图的结构

DESC / DESCRIBE 视图名称;

查看视图的属性信息

SHOW TABLE STATUS LIKE '视图名称'\G

查看视图的详细定义信息

SHOW CREATE VIEW 视图名称;

关于更新视图，要使视图可更新，视图中的行和底层基本表中的行之间必须存在一对一的关系。另外当视图定义出现如下情况时，视图不支持更新操作：
在定义视图的时候指定了 “ALGORITHM = TEMPTABLE” ，视图将不支持 INSERT 和 DELETE 操作；
视图中不包含基表中所有被定义为非空又未指定默认值的列，视图将不支持 INSERT 操作；
在定义视图的 SELECT 语句中使用了 JOIN 联合查询，视图将不支持 INSERT 和 DELETE 操作；
在定义视图的 SELECT 语句后的字段列表中使用了数学表达式或子查询，视图将不支持 INSERT ，也不支持 UPDATE 使用了数学表达式、子查询的字段值；
在定义视图的 SELECT 语句后的字段列表中使用 DISTINCT 、聚合函数、 GROUP BY 、 HAVING 、 UNION 等，视图将不支持 INSERT 、 UPDATE 、 DELETE ；
在定义视图的 SELECT 语句中包含了子查询，而子查询中引用了 FROM 后面的表，视图将不支持 INSERT 、 UPDATE 、 DELETE ；
视图定义基于一个不可更新视图；
常量视图。
虽然可以更新视图数据，但总的来说，视图作为虚拟表，主要用于方便查询，不建议更新视图的数据。 对视图数据的更改，都是通过对实际数据表里数据的操作来完成的。

使用 CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW 子句 修改视图
删除视图只是删除视图的定义，并不会删除基表的数据。
删除视图的语法是：（说明：基于视图 a 、 b 创建了新的视图 c ，如果将视图 a 或者视图 b 删除，会导致视图 c 的查询失败。这样的视图 c 需要手动删除或修改，否则影响使用。）

DROP VIEW IF EXISTS 视图名称;

4.视图实操SQL

首先，我们会基于employees表来创建新的视图，下面先给出这个表的sql脚本代码。

/*Table structure for table `employees` */ DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `employees`; CREATE TABLE `employees` ( `employee_id` int(6) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0', `first_name` varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL, `last_name` varchar(25) NOT NULL, `email` varchar(25) NOT NULL, `phone_number` varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL, `hire_date` date NOT NULL, `job_id` varchar(10) NOT NULL, `salary` double(8,2) DEFAULT NULL, `commission_pct` double(2,2) DEFAULT NULL, `manager_id` int(6) DEFAULT NULL, `department_id` int(4) DEFAULT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`employee_id`), UNIQUE KEY `emp_email_uk` (`email`), UNIQUE KEY `emp_emp_id_pk` (`employee_id`), KEY `emp_dept_fk` (`department_id`), KEY `emp_job_fk` (`job_id`), KEY `emp_manager_fk` (`manager_id`), CONSTRAINT `emp_dept_fk` FOREIGN KEY (`department_id`) REFERENCES `departments` (`department_id`), CONSTRAINT `emp_job_fk` FOREIGN KEY (`job_id`) REFERENCES `jobs` (`job_id`), CONSTRAINT `emp_manager_fk` FOREIGN KEY (`manager_id`) REFERENCES `employees` (`employee_id`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8; /*Data for the table `employees` */ insert into `employees`(`employee_id`,`first_name`,`last_name`,`email`,`phone_number`,`hire_date`,`job_id`,`salary`,`commission_pct`,`manager_id`,`department_id`) values (100,'Steven','King','SKING','515.123.4567','1987-06-17','AD_PRES',24000.00,NULL,NULL,90),(101,'Neena','Kochhar','NKOCHHAR','515.123.4568','1989-09-21','AD_VP',17000.00,NULL,100,90),(102,'Lex','De Haan','LDEHAAN','515.123.4569','1993-01-13','AD_VP',17000.00,NULL,100,90),(103,'Alexander','Hunold','AHUNOLD','590.423.4567','1990-01-03','IT_PROG',9000.00,NULL,102,60),(104,'Bruce','Ernst','BERNST','590.423.4568','1991-05-21','IT_PROG',6000.00,NULL,103,60),(105,'David','Austin','DAUSTIN','590.423.4569','1997-06-25','IT_PROG',4800.00,NULL,103,60),(106,'Valli','Pataballa','VPATABAL','590.423.4560','1998-02-05','IT_PROG',4800.00,NULL,103,60),(107,'Diana','Lorentz','DLORENTZ','590.423.5567','1999-02-07','IT_PROG',4200.00,NULL,103,60),(108,'Nancy','Greenberg','NGREENBE','515.124.4569','1994-08-17','FI_MGR',12000.00,NULL,101,100),(109,'Daniel','Faviet','DFAVIET','515.124.4169','1994-08-16','FI_ACCOUNT',9000.00,NULL,108,100),(110,'John','Chen','JCHEN','515.124.4269','1997-09-28','FI_ACCOUNT',8200.00,NULL,108,100),(111,'Ismael','Sciarra','ISCIARRA','515.124.4369','1997-09-30','FI_ACCOUNT',7700.00,NULL,108,100),(112,'Jose Manuel','Urman','JMURMAN','515.124.4469','1998-03-07','FI_ACCOUNT',7800.00,NULL,108,100),(113,'Luis','Popp','LPOPP','515.124.4567','1999-12-07','FI_ACCOUNT',6900.00,NULL,108,100),(114,'Den','Raphaely','DRAPHEAL','515.127.4561','1994-12-07','PU_MAN',11000.00,NULL,100,30),(115,'Alexander','Khoo','AKHOO','515.127.4562','1995-05-18','PU_CLERK',3100.00,NULL,114,30),(116,'Shelli','Baida','SBAIDA','515.127.4563','1997-12-24','PU_CLERK',2900.00,NULL,114,30),(117,'Sigal','Tobias','STOBIAS','515.127.4564','1997-07-24','PU_CLERK',2800.00,NULL,114,30),(118,'Guy','Himuro','GHIMURO','515.127.4565','1998-11-15','PU_CLERK',2600.00,NULL,114,30),(119,'Karen','Colmenares','KCOLMENA','515.127.4566','1999-08-10','PU_CLERK',2500.00,NULL,114,30),(120,'Matthew','Weiss','MWEISS','650.123.1234','1996-07-18','ST_MAN',8000.00,NULL,100,50),(121,'Adam','Fripp','AFRIPP','650.123.2234','1997-04-10','ST_MAN',8200.00,NULL,100,50),(122,'Payam','Kaufling','PKAUFLIN','650.123.3234','1995-05-01','ST_MAN',7900.00,NULL,100,50),(123,'Shanta','Vollman','SVOLLMAN','650.123.4234','1997-10-10','ST_MAN',6500.00,NULL,100,50),(124,'Kevin','Mourgos','KMOURGOS','650.123.5234','1999-11-16','ST_MAN',5800.00,NULL,100,50),(125,'Julia','Nayer','JNAYER','650.124.1214','1997-07-16','ST_CLERK',3200.00,NULL,120,50),(126,'Irene','Mikkilineni','IMIKKILI','650.124.1224','1998-09-28','ST_CLERK',2700.00,NULL,120,50),(127,'James','Landry','JLANDRY','650.124.1334','1999-01-14','ST_CLERK',2400.00,NULL,120,50),(128,'Steven','Markle','SMARKLE','650.124.1434','2000-03-08','ST_CLERK',2200.00,NULL,120,50),(129,'Laura','Bissot','LBISSOT','650.124.5234','1997-08-20','ST_CLERK',3300.00,NULL,121,50),(130,'Mozhe','Atkinson','MATKINSO','650.124.6234','1997-10-30','ST_CLERK',2800.00,NULL,121,50),(131,'James','Marlow','JAMRLOW','650.124.7234','1997-02-16','ST_CLERK',2500.00,NULL,121,50),(132,'TJ','Olson','TJOLSON','650.124.8234','1999-04-10','ST_CLERK',2100.00,NULL,121,50),(133,'Jason','Mallin','JMALLIN','650.127.1934','1996-06-14','ST_CLERK',3300.00,NULL,122,50),(134,'Michael','Rogers','MROGERS','650.127.1834','1998-08-26','ST_CLERK',2900.00,NULL,122,50),(135,'Ki','Gee','KGEE','650.127.1734','1999-12-12','ST_CLERK',2400.00,NULL,122,50),(136,'Hazel','Philtanker','HPHILTAN','650.127.1634','2000-02-06','ST_CLERK',2200.00,NULL,122,50),(137,'Renske','Ladwig','RLADWIG','650.121.1234','1995-07-14','ST_CLERK',3600.00,NULL,123,50),(138,'Stephen','Stiles','SSTILES','650.121.2034','1997-10-26','ST_CLERK',3200.00,NULL,123,50),(139,'John','Seo','JSEO','650.121.2019','1998-02-12','ST_CLERK',2700.00,NULL,123,50),(140,'Joshua','Patel','JPATEL','650.121.1834','1998-04-06','ST_CLERK',2500.00,NULL,123,50),(141,'Trenna','Rajs','TRAJS','650.121.8009','1995-10-17','ST_CLERK',3500.00,NULL,124,50),(142,'Curtis','Davies','CDAVIES','650.121.2994','1997-01-29','ST_CLERK',3100.00,NULL,124,50),(143,'Randall','Matos','RMATOS','650.121.2874','1998-03-15','ST_CLERK',2600.00,NULL,124,50),(144,'Peter','Vargas','PVARGAS','650.121.2004','1998-07-09','ST_CLERK',2500.00,NULL,124,50),(145,'John','Russell','JRUSSEL','011.44.1344.429268','1996-10-01','SA_MAN',14000.00,0.40,100,80),(146,'Karen','Partners','KPARTNER','011.44.1344.467268','1997-01-05','SA_MAN',13500.00,0.30,100,80),(147,'Alberto','Errazuriz','AERRAZUR','011.44.1344.429278','1997-03-10','SA_MAN',12000.00,0.30,100,80),(148,'Gerald','Cambrault','GCAMBRAU','011.44.1344.619268','1999-10-15','SA_MAN',11000.00,0.30,100,80),(149,'Eleni','Zlotkey','EZLOTKEY','011.44.1344.429018','2000-01-29','SA_MAN',10500.00,0.20,100,80),(150,'Peter','Tucker','PTUCKER','011.44.1344.129268','1997-01-30','SA_REP',10000.00,0.30,145,80),(151,'David','Bernstein','DBERNSTE','011.44.1344.345268','1997-03-24','SA_REP',9500.00,0.25,145,80),(152,'Peter','Hall','PHALL','011.44.1344.478968','1997-08-20','SA_REP',9000.00,0.25,145,80),(153,'Christopher','Olsen','COLSEN','011.44.1344.498718','1998-03-30','SA_REP',8000.00,0.20,145,80),(154,'Nanette','Cambrault','NCAMBRAU','011.44.1344.987668','1998-12-09','SA_REP',7500.00,0.20,145,80),(155,'Oliver','Tuvault','OTUVAULT','011.44.1344.486508','1999-11-23','SA_REP',7000.00,0.15,145,80),(156,'Janette','King','JKING','011.44.1345.429268','1996-01-30','SA_REP',10000.00,0.35,146,80),(157,'Patrick','Sully','PSULLY','011.44.1345.929268','1996-03-04','SA_REP',9500.00,0.35,146,80),(158,'Allan','McEwen','AMCEWEN','011.44.1345.829268','1996-08-01','SA_REP',9000.00,0.35,146,80),(159,'Lindsey','Smith','LSMITH','011.44.1345.729268','1997-03-10','SA_REP',8000.00,0.30,146,80),(160,'Louise','Doran','LDORAN','011.44.1345.629268','1997-12-

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MySQL初级入门篇之视图的相关概念及应用实例_Mysql_

目录

1.浅谈数据库对象

2.什么是视图？

3.视图操作相关SQL

4.视图实操SQL

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